INTRODUCTION:

Hair follicles are vital in determining appearance, gender differences, temperature regulation, and self-defense. However, younger generations are facing increased hair loss due to lifestyle factors such as stress, poor diet, and hair treatments. Alopecia, or permanent hair thinning, is a common concern, leading many to seek various treatments like minoxidil and finasteride. Hair growth is a complex and cyclical process involving the anagen, catagen, and telogen phases, with proper follicle activation necessary for healthy hair. While serums and treatments can protect and restore hair, they often fail to address aging hair or may contain harmful ingredients. The scalp, like skin, must be cared for to maintain healthy hair, although over-washing can cause hair loss in some cases. Conditions like dandruff or head lice can also affect the scalp, with research suggesting that head lice thrive in clean hair.^1,2,3,4

Sebum, produced by sebaceous glands in the skin, primarily consists of fatty acids and helps protect the skin and hair by preventing bacterial growth and maintaining a slightly acidic pH. It also provides moisture and gloss to the hair by coating the shaft. However, excessive sebum can clog hair follicles, leading to issues like dandruff and hindered hair growth. When too much sebum accumulates, it can make hair appear greasy, dark, and stuck together. Hair is a strong and elastic keratin structure, and its growth involves cyclical processes in the anagen, catagen, and telogen phases. As hair ages, it turns white, and various cosmetic products are used to promote growth and prevent hair loss. Cosmetic science combines knowledge from multiple disciplines to develop personal care products, including cosmeceuticals—products that blend cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Herbal cosmetics, which use phytochemicals from plants, are increasingly popular. A study aims to explore the effectiveness and user satisfaction of hair serums containing herbal ingredients.^5,6,7,8

Advantages of Hair Serum:

1. Hair serum can effectively smoothen, soften and make your hair silky.

2. It protects the hair from environmental aggressors. Act as both pre styling

3. Treatment and finishing product.

4. It can be used before or after using heat styling.

5. Controls frizz. If your hair is weak and damaged, it may look frizzy or dry.

6. Boosts smoothness.

7. The anti-frizz effect of hair serum also helps improve the smoothness of hair Serum.

8. Hair serum is also reduce the tangles and promote the shine.

9. To enhances the straightness and curls.^9,10,11

Hair serum benefits:

1. Adding shine

2. Controlling frizz and dryness

3. Reducing knots and tangles

4. Enhancing the hair's natural look

5. Protecting against damage^17,18

How to use hair serum?

· Do: Wash hair before application

· Don’t: Overapply serum

· Do: Warm it up before applying to the hair

· Don’t: Apply on roots

· Do: Cnonsider a person’s hair type and hair goals

· Don’t: Rinse the serum after application^12,14,28,29

2. AIM AND OBJECTIVE:

Aim:

To formulate and evaluate the herbal hair serum

Objective:

· Promotes Hair Growth.

· Imparts A Natural Shine.

· Prevents Premature Greying.

· Nourishes Hair Roots.

· Minimizes Frizz.

· Prevents Split Ends.

· Protecting in opposition to damage.

· It protects the hair from environment.

· It can be used both before or after using heat styling.

· Boosts smoothness of the hairs

· Multi Purpose

A hair serum solves a lot of hair issues and not just one problem. There is a Reason it is called a one stop solution for all your hair woes. Hair serum Transforms a bad hair day into a good hair day. With just a few drops, your Hair will feel and look different.

· Protects Hair:

Hair serum forms a layer on hair strands. It thus acts as an excellent

Protect against heat, sun damage, dirt, dust and pollution. It prevents your Hair from getting damaged. This is why it is advised to use a heat protecting Serum before using hot styling tools.

· Gives Shine to the Hair The layer formed by hair serum acts as a Reflector of light

3. LITERATURE REVIEW:

Anusha R et al 2023

The most important organ in the mammalian system that determines appearance, gender differentiation, extreme temperature protection, and self-defense is the hair follicle. Extreme hair loss has started to affect younger generations for a variety of causes. Most of the time, the hair loss is not transient; instead, it leads to alopecia. Many people who are experiencing hair loss are looking for several therapies since they are really tense and anxious. Activating the hair roots is necessary to promote hair growth and stop hair loss. Citrus sinensis is used to protect hair and prevent dandruff. Both antibacterial and anti-inflammatory qualities were present. Nigella sativa enhances hair's strength, volume, luster, and texture.

Lata Saini et al 2023:

Cosmetics are becoming increasingly popular in daily life these days, and many individuals use them on a yearly basis. Humans utilize a variety of cosmetics to enhance their beauty and elegance in order to appear youthful and endearing. Cosmetics are therefore essential to human existence. Due to the perception that they are safer and have fewer adverse effects, herbal cosmetics are now frequently used. The main component of the body that serves as a protective appendage is hair. The primary goal of the current project is to create a general-purpose (daily-use) herbal hair serum utilizing a variety of herbs. In the process, the optimum formulation of cosmetic serum will be determined and its qualities will be assessed. Three cosmetic serum formulations have been created (H1, H2, and H3) with varying excipient concentrations. Their physical characteristics, pH, homogeneity, viscosity, spreadability, and stability were assessed. It was determined that every parameter was good and within the acceptable range. According to recent studies, hair consistency can be improved with herbal formulations.

Mr Randad Shubham Shrinivas et al 2022:

Coconut oil may aid to seal and moisturize hair, among other things for our scalp and hair. This may help avoid dandruff and a dry, flaky scalp. In addition to promoting hair development and preventing dandruff, vegetable oil also protects hair from heat damage and reduces irritation on the scalp.

Naman Tyagi et al 2014:

Known by their formal name, Linum usitatissimum, flaxseeds are members of the Lineaceae family and are often called Alsi, Jawas, and Aksebija in Indian languages. Blue blooms and little, flattened seeds are produced by the shrub. From reddish brown to golden yellow, the seeds' hues vary. Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly alpha-linolenic acid, which is abundant in it, reduce scalp inflammation and hair loss. Hair follicles are subsequently preserved and protected as a result. Important amino acids such glutamic acid, serine, arginine, lysine, leucine, and others are found in the proteins (10.5–31%) found in flaxseed. Because they promote the growth of new hair and stop hair loss, these amino acids are essential for healthy hair. In addition to increasing hair density, flaxseed dietary fiber can help hide hair loss. In the field of functional foods, flaxseed is a significant and widely used source of phytochemicals. Among its many additional beneficial effects include the promotion of fetal brain development, the production of blood lipids, protection against cardiovascular illnesses.

Rohan R. Vakhariya et al 2017:

4. PLAN OF WORK:

Clean all the glassware and dry them properly.

Measure the accurate quantity of aloe vera, transfer it in beaker

Mix required quantity vitamin E in aloe vera,

Now mix rose water to the above mixture of aloe vera and vitamin E.

After stirring for few minutes, heat the prepared solution for few minutes.

Add few drops of coconut oil,

After that stir the preparation with the help to magnetic stirrer

Transfer the preparation in measuring cylinder and adjust the final volume to 30ml.

Transfer final solution into container.

5. DRUG AND EXCIPIENT:

1. Aloe vera

Synonyms: Aloe, Musabbar, Lolesara(in kannada)

Biological source:

Aloes is obtained from the dried juice of the leaves of Aloe Barbadensis Miller, known as Curacao aloes, (Aloe Vera).

Family: Asphodelaceae³⁹

2. Rose water

Biological Source: Rose water is extracted from the flowers of Rosa damascene.

Family: Rosaceae

Use in cosmetic: Used in the preparation of soaps, body lotions, face cream etc. Used as moisturizer^[18,19]

3. Coconut Oil

Synonyms: Coconut oil, Coconut butter, Copra oil

Biological Source: Coconut oil is the oil expressed from the dried solid part of Endosperm of coconut, Cocos nucifera L.,

Family: Palmae.²²

6. MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Aloe Vera

Aloe vera has long been used to treat hair loss, condition the hair, and soothe the scalp. It can clear clogged follicles, reduce dandruff, and even improve hair pigmentation. Rich in vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, and amino acids, aloe vera nourishes and moisturizes hair, promoting hair growth and preventing damage. It helps cleanse the scalp by removing excess oil and buildup without stripping natural moisture. Aloe vera also provides sun protection for hair, creating a protective layer against environmental damage. Its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties make it beneficial for most hair types, improving strength and reducing hair loss.^44,45

Vitamin E:

Vitamin E-rich oils can restore hair shine by rebuilding its protective layer, helping to seal in moisture, reduce breakage, and protect against damage. Vitamin E contains antioxidants that support healthy hair by reducing oxidative stress and free radicals that can harm hair follicles. It also improves blood circulation to the scalp, potentially promoting hair growth. Various tocopherols (components of Vitamin E) have different antioxidant effects, with alpha-tocopherol being particularly effective in enhancing blood flow. However, while topical application of Vitamin E oil has been shown to improve scalp circulation and prevent premature aging, there is limited evidence on its overall effectiveness for hair growth. Some studies suggest that tocotrienol blends can increase hair count, but high doses of Vitamin Emay have adverse effects.^21,30

Rose Water

Rose petals, especially when combined with ingredients like oil, rosemary oil, and honey, are beneficial for hair by strengthening it and nourishing the scalp. Rose water, a mild astringent, can reduce oiliness, combat dandruff, and soothe scalp conditions like psoriasis and eczema. It is also known for calming frizz, adding shine, and improving skin with its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Originating from Iran, rose water has been used in beauty routines for centuries, made by mixing essential oil from the “dusk rose” with water.^47,48,49

Coconut Oil

Coconut oil, derived from the meat, kernels, and milk of the coconut fruit, is a versatile oil that can be solid below 25°C (77°F) and liquid in warmer climates. It is rich in medium-chain fatty acids and used in food, cosmetics, and industrial applications. Coconut oil can be extracted through wet or dry processes, with wet processing being less efficient and more costly. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is made from fresh coconut milk or meat using various methods like wet-milling, drying, or centrifuging. Coconut oil offers several hair benefits, including moisturizing the scalp, preventing dandruff, split ends, and breakage, and enhancing shine when used as a mask, leave-in treatment, or shine serum. It is also a natural alternative to silicone-based shine products.^{[42,43,46,50]}

7. EVALUATION PARAMETERS FOR HAIR SERUM

Physical Appearance

The physical appearance, colour, and feel of the prepared herbal hair serum are visually tested. Table 2 reflects the outcomes.

Homogeneity:

Test A clean and dry object glass was smeared with the hair serum, and a cover glass was sealed. The appearance under the light of some coarse particle/homogeneity was investigated. Herbal hair serum was tested by visual examination for homogeneity and tested for some lumps, flocculates, or aggregates

Ph:

Test The pH meter was calibrated using pH 4 and pH 7 buffer solutions. Then, the electrode was soaked in the hair serum and left until the pH normalized after a few minutes.

Viscosity:

The viscosity measurement was performed with spindle number 6 on a Brookfield viscometer (RVDV-II+PRO). In the beaker, 50ml of hair serum was placed, and the viscosity was measured at various rpm, i.e., 10, 20, 50, 100.

Spreadability:

Spreadability was measured by a parallel plate process typically used to assess and measure the spreadability of semi- solid preparations. One gram hair serum was pressed between two horizontal plates of dimension 20x 20cm. the upper of which weighed 125g. The spread diameter was measured after 1min Spreadability was calculated using the following formula:

S=MXL/T

Where, S= Spreadability. M= Weight in the pan (tied to the upper slide), L= Length moved by the glass slide, and T = Time (in sec) taken to separate the slides completely.^5,40,41

8. RESULT AND DISCUSSION:

1. Physical Appearance:

Herbal hair serums vary in consistency, from lightweight oils to thicker creams, depending on the ingredients and desired effect. They can range in color from clear to yellow, green, or brown, with varying clarity due to herbal extracts. The scent is influenced by natural ingredients, offering subtle or more pronounced fragrances. Packaging varies, with options like pump bottles or droppers, designed to protect the serum from light and air. Some serums may contain visible particles like herbal extracts, which offer additional benefits but should be evenly distributed for smooth application.

2. Homogeneity:

Homogeneity in herbal hair serums refers to the even distribution of herbal extracts, oils, and active ingredients. Achieving this requires selecting high-quality, compatible ingredients, employing proper formulation techniques, and controlling the manufacturing process to prevent ingredient separation. Quality control measures and testing ensure consistency in each batch. Packaging should protect the product from light and air, maintaining stability. A uniform serum enhances user experience by ensuring easy application and consistent results. Compliance with regulatory standards ensures the product’s safety and efficacy.

3. pH Determination:

The pH level of a hair serum is crucial for maintaining hair and scalp health, with an ideal range of 4.5 to 5.5, which helps keep the hair cuticle closed and smooth. pH can be tested using test strips or a pH meter, with various ingredients influencing the serum's pH. Adjustments may be needed using acids or bases to maintain the desired pH range. Proper pH levels ensure product safety, regulatory compliance, and enhance consumer satisfaction by preventing irritation and promoting hair health.

9. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION:

Summary:

The Herbal Hair Serum, composed of aloe vera, rose water, coconut oil, and vitamin E, is formulated to provide multiple benefits for hair health. Aloe vera soothes the scalp and promotes hair growth, while rose water helps balance the scalp’s pH and adds moisture. Coconut oil penetrates deeply into the hair to reduce damage, enhance shine, and prevent breakage. Vitamin E, with its antioxidant properties, helps repair and protect hair from environmental damage, promoting overall scalp health and nourishing the strands.

10. CONCLUSIONS:

This Aruna herbal hair serum is a natural and effective solution for enhancing hair health. The combination of aloe vera, rose water, coconut oil, and vitamin E works synergistically to hydrate, strengthen, and restore the hair. It helps improve texture, reduce dandruff, and prevent hair damage, making it ideal for those looking to nourish and maintain healthy hair with a gentle, natural product. Regular use can lead to smoother, shinier, and more manageable hair, with the added benefit of a well-balanced and healthy scalp.

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Received on 21.04.2025 Revised on 12.06.2025

Accepted on 27.07.2025 Published on 15.10.2025

Available online from October 30, 2025

Research J. Science and Tech. 2025; 17(4):331-338.

DOI: 10.52711/2349-2988.2025.00046

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Creative Commons License.